高二英语必修5unit3基础知识练习 人教版高二英语必修5unit3
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2024-12-17 15:33:03
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  I. Words

  1. trip: (通常指短途的)行走, 旅行 (尤指娱乐性的) 拓展:be/go on a trip to… make/take a trip to…

  2. chat vi.&n. 聊天;闲聊

  拓展:chat to/with sb (about sth) = have a chat with sb (about sth) 与某人聊天、闲谈……

  1) What were you chatting to him about? 你和他聊了些什麽?

  2) I had a long chat with her (about her job).(关於她的工作)我和她聊了很久。

  3. eastward adv. 向东 adj. 向东的;朝东的 也作 eastwards,副词,意为“向东”。

  1) They were traveling eastward(s) to the city which appeared in their dreams.

  他们朝着东边向梦想中的城市进发。

  2) The plane flied in an eastward direction. 飞机向东边飞去。

  拓展:backward(s)向后 upward(s)向上 westward(s) adj./adv. 向西的,向西地

  southward(s) adj./adv. 向南的,向南地 northward(s) adj./adv. 向北的,向北地

  4. surround vt.&vi. 围绕; 包围

  拓展:surrounding adj. 周围的 surroundings n. (常用复数) 周围的事物; 环境

  be surrounded by / with 被……环绕着 surround ...with ... 使……包围

  1) The house was surrounded by high walls.房子的四周有高墙。

  2) We are living in pleasant surroundings. 我们生活在舒适的环境中。

  3) As a child,I was surrounded by love and kindness.幼年时我备受关爱。

  4) After being surrounded by the police for several days,the robber had to give in.

  被警察包围几日后,抢匪不得不投降。

  5) From the top of the hill you can see all the surrounding countryside.

  从山顶上你可以看到周围的山村。

  6) I came to realize that the key to success lay in trying to surround myself with creative

  people.

  我逐渐意识到成功的关键在于我应该尽量结交有创造性的人。

  5. measure vt.& vi.测量;衡量;判定; n. 措施; 办法; 量度; 尺寸

  拓展:be measured in 以……衡量 make…to one’s measure 按照…尺寸做

  take one’s measure / take the measure of sb给某人量尺寸

  take measures to do sth 采取措施做某事 measure A by B 用B衡量A

  1) You can’t measure someone by the clothes they wear.

  你不能以衣着衡量一个人。

  2) You should take effective measures to improve your working conditions.

  你们应采取有效措施来改善你们的工作条件。

  3) In the old days,my mother always made new clothes to my own measure with Spring

  Festival coming.

  过去,妈妈在春节来临时总是为我量身做新衣服。

  6. within: adv. 在里面, 内部, 入内

  prep. 在……里面, 在……内部,在……范围以内, 不超过

  拓展:within sight在视线之内 within one’s reach在某人够得着的范围 within one’s power在某人的能力范围之内

  within与in表达时间的区别:

  within指在时间或距离范围之内,表示“在这一范围内”,“不到”或“不超过”,常和一般将来时,一般现在时或一般过去时连用

  in 是经过若干时间,指期限之外,表示“过多少时间”时,通常和一般将来时连用

  I’ll be there within an hour. (一小时之内)

  I’ll be there in an hour. (一小时之后)

  7. border

  n. 边界; 国界 She crossed the border in disguise.她伪装过了边境。

  v. 与…接壤,接近 France borders Germany along parts of the Rhine.

  法国沿莱茵河部分河段与德国接壤。

  8. slightly adv. 轻微地;脆弱地;瘦小地

  slight adj. 轻微的, 脆弱的, 瘦小的 slightness n轻微, 微小的事情

  1) I just knew the man slightly. 我只是认识这个人, 但不熟。

  2) There is just slightly too much salt in the soup. 汤里的盐稍微放多了点。

  3) He had a slight fever. 他稍微有点发烧。

  9. mix vt.&vi. 混合;调配

  mixture n.[U,C] 混合(物);混合状态

  拓展:mix A and/with B 把A与B混合起来

  mix sth. up 把某物拌和;混淆某物 mix sth. in/into把某物掺进去

  be/get mixed up with sth./sb. 与某事有关;与某人混在一起

  1) The chemist mixed (up) some medicine for me. 药剂师给我配了些药。

  2) 油和水不能混合。 Oil and water don’t mix. Oil won’t mix with water.

  II. Phrases

  1. rather than

  表示客观事实,意为“是……而不是……; 与其……不如……”。它连接的并

  列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词 (短语)、动名词、分句、不定式、动词等。

  1) 连接两个名词或代词

  He is an explorer rather than a sailor. 与其说他是一个海员, 不如说他是一个探险者。 You rather than I are going to go camping.是你而不是我要去要野营。

  注意: rather than 连接两个名词或代词作主语时, 谓语动词应与rather than 前面的名词或代

  词在人称和数上保持一致。

  2) 连接两个形容词

  The sweater she bought was beautiful rather than cheap.

  与其说她买的这件羊毛衫便宜不如说它漂亮。

  3) 连接两个介词(短语)或动名词 :

  We will have the meeting in the classroom rather than in the great hall.

  我们是在教室里开会,不是在大厅里。

  She enjoys singing rather than dancing. 她喜欢唱歌,而不喜欢跳舞。

  4) 连接两个分句 : We should help him rather than he should help us.

  5) 连接两个不定式 :I decided to write rather than (to) telephone.我决定写信而不打电话。

  注意: rather than 后接不定式时, 不定式可以带to, 也可以不带to, 如上句。但 rather than位于句首时, 则只能接不带to 的不定式。如:

  Rather than allow the vegetables to go bad, he sold them at half price.

  他唯恐蔬菜烂掉, 把它们以半价卖掉了。

  6) 连接两个动词:He ran rather than walked. 他是跑来的,而不是走来的。

  注意: 这里rather than 后用了walked, 而没有用walk, 表示客观事实, 而不是主观愿望。 如果换成 walk, 则作“宁愿……而不愿 ……”解。

  拓展:would rather do A than do B = would do A rather than do B 宁可做A而不做B

  prefer to do A rather than do B 最喜欢做A而不做B

  or rather更确切地说 other than除……外

  would rather sb. did/had done sth. 宁愿某人做某事

  2. settle down 定居;平静下来;专心于

  1) Wait until the children settle down before you start the lesson.

  你等学生都静下心来再开始上课。

  2) I’m glad to learn that you’ve settled down in Beijing. 得知你定居北京,我很高兴。

  3) With so much noise around,I couldn’t settle down to my work.

  周围有那么多噪音,我不能静下心来专心工作。

  拓展:settle an old score清算旧帐 settle for sth. 勉强接受

  settle in/into sth. 适应 settle on sth. 选定, 决定

  settle down to doing sth. 使……安下心来做某事

  settle (down) in ... 在……定居下来

  settle a dispute/an argument/an issue解决争端/争论/问题

  3. manage to do sth 设法做

  拓展:manage to do sth.= succeed in doing sth. 设法做成某些困难的事

  attempt to do sth.=try to do sth. = seek to do sth. 设法做某事(不一定做成)

  1) In spite of these insults, she managed not to get angry.

  她尽管受到这些侮辱,还是忍着没发火。

  2) Though we left home very late,we managed to catch the last bus.

  尽管我们出门很晚,但我们赶上了末班车。

  4. catch sight of看见;瞥见

  拓展:lose sight of 看不见 keep sight of 使能看得到;保持看得到的距离

  at (the) sight of初次见到时;乍看上去 have good/poor sight/eyesight 视力好/差

  in/within sight 可以看见;在视线内 out of sight 看不见;在视线外 1) She said that she caught sight of me in the crowd. 她说她在人群中一下子就看见了我。

  2) Suddenly they got separated, and then lost sight of each other.突然,他们分开了,看不见彼此。

  3) At first sight their demands seemed reasonable. 乍看起来,他们的要求似乎满合理的。

  5. have a gift for... 在……方面有天分/天赋 拓展:gift 特指与生俱来的天份或才能, 如绘画、音乐等。

  have a gift for (doing) sth.= have the gift to do sth. 对……有天赋;有做某事的才能

  a man of excellent gifts一个非常有才华的人

  a gifted/talented person 一个有天赋的、有才华的人

  1) He has a gift for music. 他有音乐天才。

  2) You have the gift/talent to learn foreign languages. 你有学外语的天赋。

  3) Her gift for dancing amazed the teacher. 老师对她舞蹈的天份大感惊奇。

  III. Sentences 1. It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall, some measuring over 90 meters.

  那里空气湿润,因而树木长得相当高,有的超过90米。

  1) so...that… 如此……以致于……,后跟结果状语从句,常用too… to…来变为简单句,如: She was so angry that she couldn’t say a word. = She was too angry to say a word.

  她太气愤以致于说不出话来。

  辨析:so...that与such...that

  so...that与such...that意思一致,that均引导结果状从句,但是so为副词,such为形容词,所以二者所接词不一样的。

  ① so +adj. / adv. + that从句或so +adj. + a(n) + 单名+ that从句

  She is so good a teacher that we all love her. 她是一位如此好老师以致于我们都爱她。 ② such + adj. + 复名 + that从句或such + a(n) + 单名+ that从句

  She is such a good teacher that we all love her. 她是一位如此好老师以致于我们都爱她。 提示:在so十much/many/little/few + n. +that从句结构中,little当“少”讲,接在so

  之后,但当little当“小”讲时,应接在such之后。如:

  They are such little children that they can’t look after themselves.

  他们是那么小的孩子还不能自理。

  2) some measuring over 90 meters为独立主格结构,在句中作伴随状语。可表示时间、原因、条件、行为、方式或伴随情况。其构成:名词(代词) + 现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语。如:

  (1) 作时间状语

  The meeting over,we all went home happily. 会议结束了,我们都高兴地回家了。

  (2) 作原因状语 My watch having been lost, I didn’t know what time it was.

  我的手表丢了,所以我不知道现在什么时间。

  (3) 作条件状语Time permitting,we’ll have a dictation. 如果时间允许,我们就听写。

  (4) 描述伴随行为或补充说明

  He lay on his back,his eyes looking straight upward. 他躺在那儿,眼睛直盯着前方。

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